The Origins and Muhurat of Diwali 2024
Diwali, or Deepawali, also known as the ‘Festival of Lights,’ is an important Hindu festival celebrated in India and among the Hindu communities worldwide. It is one of the liveliest festivals to mark the victory of light over darkness and good over evil, and it is currently celebrated in many societies and cultures worldwide. As we eagerly await Diwali 2024, let us look into the origin of Diwali, the auspicious timings, and how the festival of light is celebrated.
The Mythological Origins of Diwali
Though Diwali is famously associated with Hindu mythology, several legends are related to this festival.
Lord Rama’s Return to Ayodhya
The most popular story connected with Diwali is probably the story of Lord Rama, who returned to his city of Ayodhya after 14 years in exile. The Hindu epic Ramayana presents Rama as the rightful King of Ayodhya. Lord Rama, his wife Sita, and his brother Lakshmana were exiled on account of a palace conspiracy.
While in the forest, Sita is kidnapped by Lord Ravana, the demon king. Rama fights bravely against Ravana, triumphs over him, and rescues Sita. When they returned to Ayodhya, people lit lamps, illuminating their path home. This celebration marked the victory of divine light over the demonic forces and signifies that righteousness always prevails.
Other Mythological Narratives
There’s also a legend from the Mahabharata of the Pandava brothers returning to their kingdom after several years in exile; their subjects light hundreds of lamps in honour of the brothers. Diwali is also celebrated to mark the victory of Lord Krishna over the demon king Narakasura in the southern states of India.
The primary goddess revered in the Diwali festival is Lakshmi, the goddess of fortune. An ancient myth reveals that the angered goddess decided to leave heaven and plunge into the Milky Ocean. Believing the world would turn dark when she was gone, the ocean was churned for 1,000 years to pave the way for her re-emergence.
Preparations Leading Up to Diwali 2024
There are various rituals and activities that the families undertake during the preparation of Diwali.
It’s a tradition to clean homes and offices in preparation for welcoming the Goddess Lakshmi. Devotees believe that a clean environment attracts wealth and prosperity. It is common to repaint or renovate the family’s spaces to tidy up everything in preparation for the events.
Lighting Diyas and Rangoli
The use of diyas, electric lights, and rangoli (a design made from coloured powders or flower petals) is a must for Diwali. Not only do these decorations make homes beautiful, but they also welcome blessings from the gods to families.
Rituals and Muhurat of Diwali 2024
DATE | FESTIVAL | PUJA MUHURAT | TITHI |
October 29th, 2024 | Kubera Pooja | 07:27 pm – 09:16 pm | Trayodashi Tithi |
October 29th, 2024 | Yama Deepam | 06:37 pm – 07:56 pm | Trayodashi Tithi |
October 30th, 2024 | Narak Chaturdashi (Choti Diwali) | 06:06 pm – 07:50 am | Chaturdashi Tithi |
October 31st, 2024 | Diwali (Lakshmi Pujan) | 07:19 pm – 09:11 pm | Amavasya Tithi |
November 2nd, 2024 | Govardhan Puja, Annakut | 07:52 am – 10:00 am and04:26 pm – 06:24 pm | Pratipada Tithi |
November 3rd, 2024 | Bhai Dooj, Yama Dwitiya | 02:17 pm – 04:25 pm | Dwitiya Tithi |
Diwali celebrations span five days, each with its own significance:
Day 1: Kubera Pooja
The five-day festival of Diwali 2024 begins with Kubera Pooja, meaning “the worship of wealth.” On this day, devotees worship Lord Dhanwantari (an incarnation of Lord Vishnu), who is revered as the God of Ayurveda and other healing sciences, signifying that health is wealth.
The tradition is that people clean their houses, lit diya around the Tulsi plant, and pray to the god of death known as ‘Lord Yama’ for longevity. They also traditionally buy some valuable commodity, which is usually associated with buying gold, signifying the coming of prosperity. It is also a good day to start a new business and other activities.
Day 2: Naraka Chaturdashi (Choti Diwali)
This day is celebrated to remember Lord Krishna’s triumph over the demon Narakasur, who had abducted the gopis.
On this day, people rise from bed early, anoint themselves with fragrant oils, and take a bath. This ritual is deemed to wash away sins and other impurities that may be present in the body. People also decorate their homes and light clay lamps to signify ‘shubh’, ‘swagat’, and ‘mukti’ from darkness. Some also create rangoli.
Day 3: Lakshmi Puja (Main Diwali Night)
The third day is the main Diwali festival, symbolising Lord Rama’s return to his kingdom, Ayodhya, and the worship of Goddess Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth. The day is celebrated with the notion of Goddess Lakshmi entering homes and showering the occupants with fortunes.
On Diwali, homes light up with diyas, candles, and electric lights. People come together to celebrate their auspicious puja of Goddess Lakshmi and pray to bring wealth and fortune into their homes.
Day 4: Govardhan Puja/Padwa
The fourth day of Diwali celebrates the tale of Lord Krishna, who lifted the Govardhan Mountain to protect the people of Gokul from Lord Indra’s fury.
Devotees prepare a small hill, often from cow dung, in remembrance of Govardhan and worship. It is also a day to go to friends’ and families’ homes and share food and presents.
Day 5: Bhai Dooj
The last and final day of the Diwali festival celebration is termed Bhai Dooj and is dedicated to the relationship between a brother and sister. The day is linked to the story of Lord Yama and his sister Yami to stress the theme of the eternal brother-sisterly bond.
Sisters invite their brothers for a meal and apply’ tilak’ on their brother’s forehead to pray for his long life. In return, the brothers gift their sisters to show appreciation, love, and care that every sister cherishes.
Regional Variations in Celebrations
While Diwali shares common themes across India, its celebrations vary significantly by region.
North India: Here, Diwali mainly centres on Lord Rama’s homecoming to his kingdom, Ayodhya. Diyas are placed in homes, houses are painted, and large fireworks are set off.
South India: In states like Tamil Nadu, Diwali is associated with Lord Krishna’s victory over Narakasura, where people wake up to early morning rituals, including oil baths.
West Bengal: The festival has a different tone altogether as it is accompanied by Kali Puja—the festival of Goddess Kali, who is the symbol of strength and power against all evils.
Gujarat: The festival is also the new year among the Gujarati community. Other celebration activities include traditional dances like Garba and lamp lighting.
Global Celebrations: The Hindu community living abroad also celebrates Diwali. Celebrations range from grand festivities in countries like Nepal and Sri Lanka to smaller celebrations in Western countries, where Diwali Melas involving food festivals and other Indian cultural programs are held.
The Spirit of Diwali
Diwali is not just a festival but a symbol of hope, a new beginning, and unity. On this joyful occasion, families get together to celebrate through age-old rituals that symbolise the fight between good and evil not only in mythology but also in our contemporary reality. Celebrating Diwali teaches the spirit of joyfully sharing happiness with loved ones and creating positive energy.
When preparing for Diwali 2024, remember that the light of each diya symbolises a beckon of hope for the future.